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Its chemical formula is Na5P3O10. The molecular structure consists of three phosphate groups connected by covalent bonds to form a tripolyphosphate anion (P3O10)5−, which then combines with five sodium ions.
It is usually a white powdery crystalline substance, odorless and tasteless. It is readily soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is alkaline. It gradually hydrolyzes in water to form disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. It is insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol.
As a food additive, sodium tripolyphosphate has multiple functions. It can act as a humectant, increasing the water retention of food and maintaining the fresh and tender taste of food. It is commonly used in meat and fish products to prevent moisture loss and extend shelf life. As a quality improver, it can enhance the toughness and elasticity of gluten, improving the processing properties of dough, and is widely used in the production of baked goods and pasta such as bread and noodles. It can also be used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, etc., helping to improve the stability and uniformity of food.
Sodium tripolyphosphate is an important builder in traditional detergents. It has strong chelating ability and can form stable complexes with calcium and magnesium ions in water, softening water quality and preventing scale formation during the washing process. At the same time, it can also enhance the buffering performance of detergents, maintaining an alkaline environment during washing, which is conducive to the removal of grease and dirt.
In water treatment, it can be used for the treatment of circulating cooling water to prevent equipment scaling and corrosion. In the paper industry, it can be used as a precipitant for paper sizing to improve the performance of paper. In the textile and dyeing industry, it is used as a softener and dyeing auxiliary, helping to improve dyeing effects and fabric quality.
The acute toxicity of sodium tripolyphosphate is relatively low, but excessive intake may pose certain health risks to the human body. Long-term and large-scale exposure may affect the calcium-phosphorus metabolism balance in the human body.
During operation, dust flying should be avoided, and operators need to wear appropriate protective equipment such as masks and gloves. When storing, it should be kept in a dry and well-ventilated warehouse, away from sources of ignition and heat, and avoid contact with substances such as acids to prevent chemical reactions.
